Linux distributions
English edition published on .
A Linux distribution brings together the Linux kernel, system tools and installable software. When choosing one, compare the available applications, hardware support, desktop and the project’s approach to updates.
Information updated on .
Go directly to the Linux distribution list
Which family should you explore first?
A family indicates shared technical origins. It does not guarantee that all its distributions offer the same desktop, software or maintenance period.
| Project or family | Useful distinction | Read on distrib.wiki |
|---|---|---|
| Debian and Ubuntu | Debian offers several branches, including stable. Ubuntu and its derivatives have their own editions and maintenance schedules. | Debian-based distributions and a comparison of Ubuntu flavours and derivatives. |
| Fedora | Fedora Workstation uses GNOME; the project also offers other editions and desktops. Check which edition fits your needs. | Fedora introduction and projects in this family. |
| Arch Linux | Arch starts with a minimal base to configure and follows continuous updates, known as a rolling release. Allow time for configuration and maintenance. | Arch Linux introduction and Arch-based distributions. |
To verify these distinctions, consult the Debian branches, the official introduction to Fedora Workstation and the Arch Linux introduction.
Three criteria before choosing a distribution
- Your software and files: start with your actual needs. The software compatibility guide covers office work, creative applications and games.
- Hardware and desktop: appearance alone cannot distinguish two systems. Check Wi-Fi, audio, peripherals and usability with the pre-installation trial checklist.
- Maintenance: choose a supported release and read the project’s update instructions. A catalogue entry does not prove that a project is still active.
How should you read this list?
The profiles below introduce projects and link to their download pages. This selection is not exhaustive and includes projects of different ages and purposes; display order is not a quality ranking. To clarify the difference between kernel, distribution and desktop environment, read our definition of a distribution (in French).
Another open-source system to distinguish: ReactOS aims for compatibility with the Windows NT family and is not a Linux distribution. Its official repository describes this goal and its development status. Its profile is available separately.
Official sources checked on 2 October 2026.
